NYS Multiple Dwelling Law § 231

NYS Multiple Dwelling Law § 231 · cited May 28, 1985 – Aug 6, 2026

479 NYC housing violations have been issued under NYS Multiple Dwelling Law § 231, which is 0.0% of every HPD violation attributed to a section. 197 are still open, 192 of them past the legal deadline on the notice.

Open now

197

Open past deadline

192

Closed

282

All time

479

Share of attributed

0.0%

Class C (immediately hazardous)

479

How § 231 is actually enforced

The median legal deadline on a § 231 notice is 6 days. The median violation that got fixed took 692 days to reach “violation closed”, measured across 192 closed violations.

27 notices (5.6%) sit at not complied with: the deadline passed and HPD found the condition unrepaired.
21 repairs were certified after the deadline.
228 notices (47.6%) are reissues: the violation was written, not fixed, and written again.
479 notices (100.0%) are rent-impairing, the class of violation that can let tenants deposit rent with the court under MDL § 302-a instead of paying the owner.
90 notices (18.8%) were dismissed.

What inspectors cite § 231 for

The most common orders written under this section, in HPD’s own wording.

Provide Legal Second Means Of Egress And File Application · 479 · order 80

Open § 231 violations by borough

MANHATTAN		95
BROOKLYN		76
BRONX		18
QUEENS		4
STATEN ISLAND		4

Buildings with the most open § 231 violations

435 WEST 45 STREET, MANHATTAN · 7 open
1164 1 AVENUE, MANHATTAN · 5 open
1761 AMSTERDAM AVENUE, MANHATTAN · 5 open
1246 CASTLE HILL AVE, BRONX · 4 open
1619 EAST 15 STREET, BROOKLYN · 3 open
182 HESTER STREET, MANHATTAN · 3 open
2326 2 AVENUE, MANHATTAN · 3 open
625 EAST 6 STREET, MANHATTAN · 3 open
320 EAST 77 STREET, MANHATTAN · 3 open
1162 FULTON STREET, BROOKLYN · 3 open

Open § 231 records citywide, newest first

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openviolations.org/nyc/housing-code/231

Questions people ask about § 231

How long does an owner have to fix a § 231 violation?

Each notice carries its own deadline set by the violation's hazard class. Across 479 § 231 notices, the median legal deadline was 6 days from the notice date.

How long does it actually take to fix a § 231 violation?

Measured across 192 § 231 violations that reached "violation closed", the median took 692 days from the notice date, against a median legal deadline of 6 days.

Are § 231 violations rent-impairing?

479 of 479 § 231 notices (100.0%) are marked rent-impairing by HPD. When a rent-impairing violation goes unrepaired, New York's Multiple Dwelling Law § 302-a can let tenants deposit rent with the court instead of paying the owner. The specifics depend on the case.

How many § 231 violations are open in NYC right now?

197 § 231 violations are open as of Aug 7, 2026, and 192 of them are already past the legal deadline on the notice.

Where this comes from

Counted from HPD’s Housing Maintenance Code Violations dataset. Each notice is attributed to a section by HPD’s own order number where one is on record, otherwise by the section its notice text cites. 11,131,117 of the city’s 11,136,167 HPD notices are attributed that way; the share above is a share of those. Figures recomputed Aug 7, 2026.

Browse open § 231 records in the live feed · All violation codes